Still, history of suicide attempt is one of the strongest risk factors for suicide.Most people who attempt suicide will not go on to complete suicide.( Brent 1993, Shaffer 1996). A history of previous attempts is lower among those dying by firearm suicide and higher among those dying by overdose ( NVISS data). The proportion was lower (25-33%) among studies of youth suicide in the U.S. Prevention efforts that focus only on those who attempt suicide will miss the majority of completers. An international review of psychological autopsy studies found that approximately 40% of those dying by suicide had previously attempted ( Cavanagh 2003). Most people who die by suicide in the U.S.The relationship between suicide attempts and completions is a complex one. This relatively good long-term survival rate is consistent with the observation that suicidal crises are often short-lived, even if there may be underylying, more chronic risk factors present that give rise to these crises. This was a 37-year follow-up of self-poisoners in Finland that found an eventual completion rate of 13% ( Suominen 2004). At least one study, published after the 90-study review, found a slightly higher completion rate. Approximately 7% (range: 5-11%) of attempters eventually died by suicide, approximately 23% reattempted nonfatally, and 70% had no further attempts.Įven studies that focused on medically serious attempts–such as people who jumped in front of a train ( O’Donnell 1994)–and studies that followed attempters for many decades found similarly low suicide completion rates. A literature review ( Owens 2002) summarized 90 studies that have followed over time people who have made suicide attempts that resulted in medical care. This has been well-established in the suicidology literature. Nine out of ten people who attempt suicide and survive will not go on to die by suicide at a later date.
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